Legal ways to move abroad, from each government's own page

Permanent residence Australia

Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189), Points tested stream

Run by Department of Home Affairs

Skilled workers under 45 with an occupation on the skilled list and a positive skills assessment, who are invited after scoring at least 65 points. No sponsor is needed.

Job offer

Not required. You must be invited to apply.

Language

At least competent English at the time of invitation.

Education

A suitable skills assessment for your occupation. No fixed degree level is stated; qualifications count toward points.

Work experience

Not a fixed requirement on the page. Work experience can count toward points.

Government fee

AUD 6,135 for the main applicant. AUD 3,070 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over. AUD 1,540 for each additional applicant under 18. A partner over 18 without functional English pays a second instalment.

Processing time

The page says applications lodged in or before June 2026 are being processed for priority sectors and applicants in Australia. Check the processing time guide tool.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online through ImmiAccount when you lodge the application. The charge is not refunded if the application is refused. You have 60 days from the invitation to apply.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Australia

Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190)

Run by Department of Home Affairs

Skilled workers under 45 nominated by an Australian state or territory government, with an occupation on the list, a skills assessment and at least 65 points.

Job offer

Not required. You must be nominated by a state or territory government agency and invited.

Language

At least competent English at the time of invitation.

Education

A suitable skills assessment for your occupation. No fixed degree level is stated.

Work experience

Not a fixed requirement on the page. Work experience can count toward points.

Government fee

AUD 6,140 for the main applicant. AUD 3,070 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over. AUD 1,535 for each additional applicant under 18.

Processing time

The page says applications lodged in or before March 2026 are being processed for priority sectors, and January 2026 for applicants in Australia.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online through ImmiAccount when you lodge the application. You have 60 days from the invitation to apply.

Read the official page

Work visa Australia

Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491)

Run by Department of Home Affairs

Skilled workers under 45 willing to live and work in a designated regional area for 5 years, nominated by a state or territory or sponsored by an eligible relative. It can lead to permanent residence after 3 years.

Job offer

Not required. You need a state or territory nomination or sponsorship by an eligible relative, and an invitation.

Language

At least competent English at the time of invitation.

Education

A suitable skills assessment for your occupation. No fixed degree level is stated.

Work experience

Not a fixed requirement on the page. Work experience can count toward points.

Government fee

AUD 6,140 for the main applicant. AUD 3,070 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over. AUD 1,535 for each additional applicant under 18.

Processing time

The page says applications lodged in or before March 2025 are being processed.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online through ImmiAccount when you lodge the application.

Read the official page

Work visa Australia

Skills in Demand visa (subclass 482), Core Skills stream

Run by Department of Home Affairs

Workers with at least 1 year of experience who are nominated by an approved Australian employer for an occupation on the Core Skills Occupation List. Stay up to 4 years.

Job offer

Required. You must be nominated for a skilled position by an approved sponsor, and work only for that sponsor.

Language

You must meet minimum standards of English unless exempt. The level is not stated on the page read.

Education

A skills assessment if your occupation requires one. No fixed degree level is stated.

Work experience

At least 1 year of relevant work experience in your nominated occupation or a related field.

Government fee

AUD 4,015 for the main applicant. AUD 4,015 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over. AUD 1,005 for each additional applicant under 18. Subsequent temporary application charge AUD 700 if it applies.

Processing time

The landing page says applications lodged in February 2026 are being processed for priority sectors, July 2026 for the Specialist Skills stream, and January 2026 for applicants in Australia.

Money you must show

The salary must be at least the market rate and not less than the Core Skills Income Threshold (CSIT). The amount is not stated on the page read.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online through ImmiAccount when you lodge the application.

Read the official page

Study, then work Australia

Student visa (subclass 500)

Run by Department of Home Affairs

Students enrolled in a registered course in Australia who can show funds for living, course and travel costs. Under rules from 2 October 2026 most students cannot bring family members unless exempt.

Job offer

Not required.

Language

English evidence depends on your main course. The level is not stated on the page read. At home tests are not accepted.

Education

A valid Confirmation of Enrolment (CoE) in a registered course. You must be aged 6 or older.

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

AUD 2,500 for the main applicant (AUD 2,050 for ELICOS and Non Award courses). AUD 1,530 for each additional applicant aged 18 or over. AUD 500 for each additional applicant under 18.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Living costs of AUD 29,710 a year for the student (AUD 10,394 for a partner, AUD 4,449 for a child), plus first year course fees, plus travel: AUD 2,500 if applying from East or Southern Africa, AUD 3,000 if applying from West Africa. Or show parents' or partner's income of at least AUD 87,856 (AUD 102,500 with family).

When and to whom you pay

Paid online through ImmiAccount when you lodge the application.

Read the official page

Job seeker visa Austria

Red-White-Red Card and job-seeker visa for very highly qualified workers

Run by Austrian representations abroad, residence authorities and the Public Employment Service (AMS); information from migration.gv.at (Federal Government)

Graduates of four-year degree programmes who score 70 of 100 points. Without a job offer you can get a six-month job-seeker visa. With a job offer you apply for the card.

Job offer

Not required for the job-seeker visa. Required for the Red-White-Red Card, matching your qualification with adequate pay.

Language

Points for German or English at A1 (5) or A2 (10), and for French, Spanish or Bosnian, Croatian or Serbian at B1 (5). Not compulsory.

Education

Points system. A higher education programme of at least four years earns 20 points, 30 in MINT subjects, 40 for a PhD or habilitation.

Work experience

Points system. 1 point per six months of work experience, up to 20 points.

Government fee

Job-seeker visa EUR 195. Red-White-Red Card application fee EUR 218.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Proof of adequate means of subsistence for the job-seeker visa. No amount stated on the official page.

When and to whom you pay

At the Austrian embassy or consulate, or at the residence authority in Austria, when you apply.

Read the official page

Work visa Austria

Red-White-Red Card for skilled workers in shortage occupations

Run by Austrian representations abroad, residence authorities and the Public Employment Service (AMS); information from migration.gv.at (Federal Government)

Trained workers in an occupation on Austria's yearly shortage list who have a binding job offer and score 55 of 90 points.

Job offer

Required. A binding job offer paying at least the legal or collective agreement minimum.

Language

Points for German at A1 (5), A2 (10) or B1 (15), English at A2 (5) or B1 (10), and other languages at B1 (5). Not compulsory.

Education

Completed vocational training in a shortage occupation, comparable to a multi-year Austrian apprenticeship. Some occupations need a degree.

Work experience

Points system. 1 point per six months of matching work, 2 points per six months in Austria, up to 20 points.

Government fee

EUR 218 application fee

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

At the Austrian embassy or consulate, or at the residence authority in Austria, when you apply.

Read the official page

Work visa Belgium

Single permit for highly qualified workers (Brussels region)

Run by Brussels Economy and Employment (Brussels-Capital Region) with the Immigration Office

Graduates with a job offer from an employer in Brussels at the highly qualified salary. The employer applies.

Job offer

Required. Minimum gross salary of EUR 3,703.44 a month for highly qualified staff (EUR 4,748 for the European Blue Card).

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A degree from a post-secondary higher education programme of at least three years.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Not stated on the official page

Processing time

At most 120 days after Brussels Economy and Employment has the complete file.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Work visa Botswana

Work permit

Run by Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, Department of Labour and Social Security

Non-citizens with a job offer in Botswana for a post that has been advertised, or investors. A residence permit is applied for separately at an Immigration office.

Job offer

Required: contract of employment, offer letter and a job advert not older than six months

Language

Not stated on the official page. Foreign-language certificates must be translated into English.

Education

Certified educational certificates, confirmed by the Botswana Qualification Authority if in a foreign language. Some professions need clearance from their regulatory body.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

BWP 1,500 (work permit fee); renewal BWP 1,500

Processing time

14 working days

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page. The application is submitted to the nearest Labour Office.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Brazil

Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV)

Run by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Itamaraty) and National Immigration Council (CNIg), Ministry of Justice and Public Security

Remote workers employed by or contracting for an employer outside Brazil. You cannot use it if you work for an employer in Brazil. Initial residence is up to one year and can be renewed for the same period. No African nationality is excluded on the official page.

Job offer

Not required in Brazil. You need an employment or service contract with a foreign employer.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Set by each Brazilian consulate. Example: Consulate General in Toronto, CAD 150 for most nationalities (CAD 435 for United States and CAD 277.50 for United Kingdom citizens). The Consulate General in Lagos does not list a VITEM XIV fee; it lists USD 100 for other temporary visas for Nigerian passport holders.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Income from a foreign source of at least USD 1,500 a month, or at least USD 18,000 in available bank funds.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Brazilian consulate when you apply. The Lagos consulate says not to pay before starting an application and getting a protocol number.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Express Entry: Federal Skilled Worker Program

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

Skilled workers anywhere in the world with a year of skilled work, a language test and enough savings, who want to settle in Canada outside Quebec. You must score 67 points or more and then be invited from the Express Entry pool.

Job offer

Not required. A valid job offer earns points and removes the need to show funds if you can already work legally in Canada.

Language

CLB 7 (NCLC 7 in French) in all four abilities in your first official language. Below CLB 7 you are not eligible.

Education

A Canadian certificate, diploma or degree, or a completed foreign credential with an Educational Credential Assessment (ECA) for immigration.

Work experience

At least 1 year of continuous paid work or 1,560 hours total (30 hours a week) in TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3, within the last 10 years, in Canada or abroad.

Government fee

CAD 1,590 per adult (processing fee CAD 990 + right of permanent residence fee CAD 600). Biometrics CAD 85 per person.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

CAD 15,263 for 1 person, CAD 19,001 for 2, CAD 23,360 for 3, CAD 28,362 for 4 (table updated July 7, 2025). Not needed if you can work legally in Canada and have a valid job offer.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC when you submit your permanent residence application after an invitation to apply. The CAD 600 right of permanent residence fee can be paid then or when the application is approved, and is refunded if you withdraw or are refused.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Express Entry: Canadian Experience Class

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

People who already have a year of skilled paid work in Canada, often after studying there, and want permanent residence outside Quebec. Not a route for someone with no Canadian work experience.

Job offer

Not required

Language

CLB 7 (NCLC 7) in all four abilities if your work is TEER 0 or 1; CLB 5 (NCLC 5) if it is TEER 2 or 3.

Education

No education requirement.

Work experience

At least 1 year of paid work or 1,560 hours total (30 hours a week) in Canada in TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3, in the 3 years before you apply.

Government fee

CAD 1,590 per adult (processing fee CAD 990 + right of permanent residence fee CAD 600). Biometrics CAD 85 per person.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not required for the Canadian Experience Class.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC when you submit your permanent residence application after an invitation to apply. The right of permanent residence fee can be paid then or on approval.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Express Entry: Federal Skilled Trades Program

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

Qualified tradespeople (for example electricians, welders, mechanics, chefs) with 2 years of trade work who have a Canadian job offer or a Canadian certificate of qualification in their trade.

• Only for people in trades and hospitality.

Job offer

Required, unless you hold a certificate of qualification in your trade from a Canadian provincial, territorial or federal authority. The job offer must be full-time for at least 1 year.

Language

CLB 5 for speaking and listening and CLB 4 for reading and writing (NCLC 5 and NCLC 4 in French).

Education

No education requirement.

Work experience

2 years of full-time work (or 3,120 hours) in one skilled trade within the 5 years before you apply, in one of the listed NOC groups (Major Groups 72, 73, 82, 83, 92 or 93).

Government fee

CAD 1,590 per adult (processing fee CAD 990 + right of permanent residence fee CAD 600). Biometrics CAD 85 per person.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

CAD 15,263 for 1 person, CAD 19,001 for 2, CAD 23,360 for 3, CAD 28,362 for 4 (table updated July 7, 2025). Not needed if you can work legally in Canada and have a valid job offer.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC when you submit your permanent residence application after an invitation to apply. The right of permanent residence fee can be paid then or on approval.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program: Ontario Workforce Priority stream

Run by Government of Ontario, Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP)

Workers with a full-time permanent job offer from an Ontario employer who have already worked in that job for the employer. Ontario nominates you and you then apply to IRCC for permanent residence. Self-employed physicians can apply without a job offer.

Job offer

Required: full-time and permanent, from an Ontario employer, paying the required wage for the job location. Not required for self-employed physicians.

Language

TEER 0 to 3 jobs: CLB 6 or higher in all four abilities, or CLB 5 for listed skilled trades. TEER 4 and 5 jobs: CLB 4 or higher.

Education

TEER 0 to 3 jobs: a postsecondary degree or diploma that takes at least one year full-time, or a Canadian high school diploma or equivalent for listed skilled trades. TEER 4 and 5 jobs: a Canadian high school diploma or equivalent.

Work experience

TEER 0 to 3: at least 6 months of consecutive paid full-time work in the job offer position in the 12 months before you apply (other options apply, such as 3 months for recent Ontario graduates). TEER 4 and 5: at least 9 months of paid full-time work in the position within 2 years.

Government fee

CAD 1,500 if the job offer is outside the Greater Toronto Area; CAD 2,000 if it is inside the Greater Toronto Area. No fee to register an expression of interest. IRCC permanent residence fees are separate.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Government of Ontario when you submit your application, within 17 calendar days of an invitation to apply.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program: International Skilled Worker, Occupation In-Demand

Run by Government of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program (SINP)

Skilled workers living abroad or in Canada with no Saskatchewan job offer, whose occupation is on Saskatchewan's in-demand list. You submit an expression of interest and must be invited before you can apply. Some occupations are excluded.

Job offer

Not required

Language

CLB 4 or higher in English or French.

Education

Post-secondary education, training or apprenticeship comparable to Canada's, with a diploma, certificate or degree related to your intended occupation.

Work experience

At least 1 year of full-time (30 hours a week or more) paid work in a TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3 occupation that is in demand in Saskatchewan, within the past 10 years, related to your field of education.

Government fee

CAD 500 non-refundable application fee to Saskatchewan. IRCC permanent residence fees are separate.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

The Minimum Funds Required, held for at least 3 months before you apply. The page links to the canada.ca table: CAD 15,263 for 1 person (updated July 7, 2025).

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to the Government of Saskatchewan by Visa or Mastercard as the last step before submitting your application.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Canada

Atlantic Immigration Program

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

Skilled workers and recent Atlantic Canada graduates with a job offer from a designated employer in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island or Newfoundland and Labrador.

Job offer

Required, from a designated employer in Atlantic Canada.

Language

CLB 5 (NCLC 5) for a job offer in TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3; CLB 4 (NCLC 4) for a job offer in TEER 4, in all four abilities.

Education

Job offer in TEER 0 or 1: a one-year post-secondary credential or higher (or foreign equivalent). TEER 2, 3 or 4: a high school diploma or higher (or foreign equivalent). Foreign education needs an ECA less than 5 years old.

Work experience

At least 1,560 hours of related paid work over the past 5 years, over a period of at least 1 year, in the same TEER category as the job offer or higher. Some recent Atlantic graduates are exempt.

Government fee

CAD 1,590 per adult (processing fee CAD 990 + right of permanent residence fee CAD 600). Biometrics CAD 85 per person.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

CAD 3,815 for 1 person, CAD 4,750 for 2 (table updated July 29, 2025). Not needed if you already live and work in Canada on a valid work permit.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC when you submit your permanent residence application. The right of permanent residence fee can be paid then or on approval.

Read the official page

Study, then work Canada

Study permit

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

People accepted by a designated learning institution (DLI) in Canada who can pay tuition and living costs. Most applicants also need a provincial or territorial attestation letter, which you get after accepting your offer and paying tuition. Quebec students need a Quebec Acceptance Certificate (CAQ) instead.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page. Your school sets its own language requirement.

Education

A letter of acceptance from a designated learning institution is always required.

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

CAD 150 per person. Biometrics CAD 85 per person (CAD 170 maximum for a family).

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Outside Quebec, for applications on or after September 1, 2026: CAD 23,448 a year for 1 person for living costs, plus your tuition and transportation, which are not included.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC when you submit the study permit application.

Read the official page

Work visa Canada

Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

International students who finished a program of at least 8 months at a PGWP-eligible designated learning institution in Canada. Work done on it can count toward the Canadian Experience Class.

Job offer

Not required

Language

University bachelor's, master's or doctoral graduates: CLB 7 (NCLC 7). College or polytechnic graduates: CLB 5 (NCLC 5).

Education

Completed a program of at least 8 months (900 hours in Quebec) at a PGWP-eligible designated learning institution. Graduates below bachelor's level who applied for their study permit on or after November 1, 2024 must have studied an eligible field.

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

CAD 255 (work permit fee CAD 155 + open work permit holder fee CAD 100). Biometrics CAD 85.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online to IRCC at the end of the application. Apply within 180 days of confirmation that you completed your program.

Read the official page

Work visa Chile

Temporary Residence for lawful remunerated activities (work permit)

Run by Servicio Nacional de Migraciones (SERMIG)

Workers with an employment contract from an employer in Chile, or a formal job offer they have accepted. Apply online from outside Chile. The permit lasts up to two years and can be extended. With a job offer you first get 90 days and must present the contract within 45 days of entry. No African nationality is excluded on the page.

Job offer

Required: an employment contract with an employer in Chile, or a formal job offer accepted by you.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Set in USD by nationality and paid in CLP. From the SERMIG fee table (column for the former contract visa): Nigeria USD 200, South Africa USD 115, Ghana USD 60, Senegal USD 60, Cameroon USD 60, Rwanda USD 60, Ethiopia USD 30, Egypt USD 15, Morocco USD 15, Zimbabwe USD 100, Zambia USD 102, Benin USD 120, Angola USD 150, Uganda USD 500, Tanzania USD 550. Check the table for other nationalities.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

The employer must show proof of liquidity to hire you. No personal funds amount is stated.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to SERMIG in Chilean pesos at the official dollar rate. The exact stage is not stated on the official page.

Read the official page

Work visa Czechia

Employee Card

Run by Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic

People with a Czech job offer for a vacancy in the Central Database of Job Vacancies, at any skill level. From abroad you apply in person at a Czech embassy in your country of citizenship; some embassies have quotas.

Job offer

Required. A work contract or agreement for a vacancy registered in the Central Database of Job Vacancies.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Any level. A document proving qualification only if the employer, the job or the law requires it.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

CZK 5,000 consular fee when applying at an embassy. CZK 2,500 when applying at a Ministry of the Interior office in Czechia.

Processing time

60 days, or 90 days in especially complicated cases.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Consular fee paid at the embassy in local currency or by card when applying. Inside Czechia, paid by credit card at the Ministry of the Interior office.

Read the official page

Work visa Czechia

EU Blue Card

Run by Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic

Graduates of at least three years of higher vocational or university study with a highly qualified job offer in Czechia. Valid up to 3 years; permanent residence possible after 5 years with a Blue Card in the EU.

Job offer

Required. A work contract or pre-employment contract for a position requiring high qualifications, with salary of at least 1.5 times the average gross salary.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Completed higher vocational or university education of at least 3 years, or higher professional skills.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

CZK 5,000 consular fee when applying at an embassy. CZK 2,500 when applying at a Ministry of the Interior office in Czechia.

Processing time

90 days.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Salary of at least 1.5 times the average gross salary in Czechia.

When and to whom you pay

Consular fee paid at the embassy in local currency or by card. Inside Czechia, paid by credit card at the Ministry of the Interior office.

Read the official page

Work visa Denmark

Pay Limit Scheme

Run by Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI)

People of any background or field with a Danish job offer paying at least the yearly minimum amount.

Job offer

Required, with a salary paid into a Danish bank account.

Language

No language requirement stated. The municipality offers Danish lessons.

Education

No specific educational background required.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

DKK 6,810

Processing time

Normally 1 month, up to 3 months.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Salary of at least DKK 552,000 a year (2026 level).

When and to whom you pay

Paid to SIRI before you submit: create a case order ID, pay the fee and attach the receipt.

Read the official page

Work visa Denmark

Positive List for People with a Higher Education

Run by Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI)

Graduates with a job offer in Denmark for a job title on the Positive List.

Job offer

Required, for a job title on the Positive List, normally full time, with salary and conditions matching Danish standards.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A completed higher educational programme relevant to the job title on the list.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

DKK 6,810

Processing time

Normally 1 month, up to 3 months.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Salary must match Danish standards.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to SIRI before you submit: create a case order ID, pay the fee and attach the receipt.

Read the official page

Work visa Denmark

Scheme for employers certified by SIRI (pay limit track)

Run by Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI)

People hired by a Danish employer that SIRI has certified. The employer applies for you with a power of attorney.

Job offer

Required, from an employer certified by SIRI, full time (37 to 40 hours a week).

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

No education requirement on the pay limit track.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

DKK 6,810

Processing time

Normally 1 month, up to 2 months. Up to 4 months on the supplementary pay limit track.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Salary of at least DKK 552,000 a year on the pay limit track, or DKK 446,000 on the supplementary pay limit track.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to SIRI before submitting, with a case order ID. The employer can create the case order ID and pay.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Estonia

Digital nomad visa (long-stay D visa for teleworking)

Run by Police and Border Guard Board (PBGB) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia

Remote workers whose work does not depend on location, employed by a company registered abroad, running their own company abroad, or working mainly for clients abroad. Restrictions apply only to Russian and Belarusian citizens.

Job offer

Not required. You need remote work for an employer or company registered abroad, or clients mainly abroad.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 120 visa fee, children 6 to 11 years EUR 60.

Processing time

PBGB reviews the application within 30 days of accepting it.

Money you must show

Proof of legal income for the six months before applying. The Estonian MFA embassy page gives a monthly income threshold of EUR 4,500 gross. The MFA visa page lists sufficient funds for teleworking of EUR 132 a day (EUR 3,960 a month).

When and to whom you pay

Paid at the Estonian representation or a PBGB service point, or by transfer to the Ministry of Finance.

Read the official page

Talent and high skill France

Talent Passport: highly qualified employee (EU Blue Card)

Run by France-Visas (Ministry of the Interior and Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs)

Graduates or experienced professionals with a job contract of a year or more in France at the Blue Card salary. Valid up to 4 years, and family may come with you.

Job offer

Required. A contract of one year or more, with a salary of at least 1.5 times the average gross reference salary (EUR 59,373 a year since 21 August 2025).

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

At least three years of higher education at a state-recognised institution, or at least five years of comparable professional experience.

Work experience

Five years of comparable professional experience can replace the degree.

Government fee

EUR 99 for a long-stay visa

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

When you apply for the long-stay visa.

Read the official page

Talent and high skill France

Talent Passport: researcher

Run by France-Visas (Ministry of the Interior and Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs)

Researchers and academics with at least a master's degree and a hosting agreement from a French research or higher education body.

• Only for people in science and research, teaching and education.

Job offer

A hosting agreement from an approved institution, for no more than four years.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

At least a master's degree.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 99 for a long-stay visa

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

When you apply for the long-stay visa.

Read the official page

Investor France

Talent Passport: business creator

Run by France-Visas (Ministry of the Interior and Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs)

People with a master's degree or five years of experience who will invest at least EUR 30,000 to set up a business in France.

• Only for people in business.

Job offer

Not required. You create your own company.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A master's degree, or five years of professional experience at a comparable level.

Work experience

Five years at a comparable level can replace the master's degree.

Government fee

EUR 99 for a long-stay visa

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

An investment of at least EUR 30,000 in the project.

When and to whom you pay

When you apply for the long-stay visa.

Read the official page

Study, then work France

Student long-stay visa

Run by France-Visas (Ministry of the Interior and Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs)

Students accepted by a French higher education institution. Many African countries use the Etudes en France procedure through Campus France.

Job offer

Not required. Students may work up to 964 hours a year.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Acceptance by a higher education establishment in France.

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

EUR 50 in countries with the Etudes en France procedure, EUR 99 in other countries

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

For applications from 1 August 2026, proof of income of at least EUR 877.50 per month. Tuition ranges from a few hundred euros to over EUR 10,000 a year.

When and to whom you pay

When you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Job seeker visa Germany

Opportunity Card (Chancenkarte) to look for work

Run by German missions abroad (Federal Foreign Office) and the Federal Employment Agency; information from Make it in Germany (Federal Government)

Skilled people with a degree or at least two years of vocational training who want to come to Germany and look for a job for up to one year.

Job offer

Not required. Part-time work and trial work are allowed while you search.

Language

With a fully recognised qualification, none. On the points route, German at level A1 or English at level B2 (CEFR).

Education

Either a qualification fully recognised in Germany, or a vocational qualification of at least two years or a university degree recognised by the country where it was earned, plus six points.

Work experience

Not required for the fully recognised option. On the points route, work experience earns points.

Government fee

EUR 75 for a national (long stay) visa, EUR 37.50 for minors

Processing time

Several months, depending on the purpose of stay (Federal Foreign Office)

Money you must show

A blocked bank account with at least EUR 1,091 net per month (2026 amount), or a declaration of commitment.

When and to whom you pay

At the German mission when you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Work visa Germany

EU Blue Card

Run by German missions abroad (Federal Foreign Office) and the Federal Employment Agency; information from Make it in Germany (Federal Government)

University graduates with a job offer in Germany at the Blue Card salary. IT specialists without a degree can qualify with three years of IT work in the last seven.

Job offer

Required. A qualified job of at least six months with a gross salary of at least EUR 50,700 a year (2026), or EUR 45,934.20 for shortage occupations and new graduates (with Federal Employment Agency approval).

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A German degree, a comparable foreign degree, or a tertiary qualification of at least three years at ISCED level 6. IT specialists may qualify without a degree.

Work experience

Not required with a degree. IT specialists without a degree need at least three years of IT work in the past seven years.

Government fee

EUR 75 for a national (long stay) visa, EUR 37.50 for minors

Processing time

Several months, depending on the purpose of stay (Federal Foreign Office)

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

At the German mission when you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Work visa Germany

Skilled worker visa (vocational or academic qualification)

Run by German missions abroad (Federal Foreign Office) and the Federal Employment Agency; information from Make it in Germany (Federal Government)

People with vocational training or a degree recognised in Germany who have a job offer for a qualified position.

Job offer

Required. A specific job offer for a qualified position. As a rule, the Federal Employment Agency must approve the job.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A vocational or academic qualification recognised in Germany or comparable to a German qualification. A licence to practise is needed for regulated professions.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page. If you are over 45 and working in Germany for the first time, you need a salary of at least EUR 55,770 a year (2026) or adequate pension provision.

Government fee

EUR 75 for a national (long stay) visa, EUR 37.50 for minors

Processing time

Several months, depending on the purpose of stay (Federal Foreign Office)

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

At the German mission when you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Study, then work Germany

Visa for vocational training (Ausbildung)

Run by German missions abroad (Federal Foreign Office) and the Federal Employment Agency; information from Make it in Germany (Federal Government)

School leavers and young adults who have a training place in Germany and want to learn a trade or profession while being paid.

Job offer

A specific training place in Germany is required.

Language

German at level B1 is normally required.

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

EUR 75 for the visa (paid in local currency). Residence permit fees in Germany may add up to EUR 100.

Processing time

Several months, depending on the purpose of stay (Federal Foreign Office)

Money you must show

School-based training: at least EUR 959 net per month (2026). Company-based training: a training allowance of at least EUR 1,048 gross or EUR 822 net per month (2026).

When and to whom you pay

The visa fee at the German mission when you apply. Residence permit fees later in Germany.

Read the official page

Study, then work Germany

Student visa for university study

Run by German missions abroad (Federal Foreign Office) and the Federal Employment Agency; information from Make it in Germany (Federal Government)

Students admitted to a state-recognised university in Germany. You may stay up to 18 months after graduating to look for a job.

Job offer

Not required. Work up to 140 full days or 280 half days a year, or up to 20 hours a week.

Language

Depends on the programme. Usually level B2 where German language skills are required.

Education

Admission to a state-recognised higher education institution in Germany.

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

EUR 75 for a national (long stay) visa, EUR 37.50 for minors

Processing time

Several months, depending on the purpose of stay (Federal Foreign Office)

Money you must show

Proof of at least EUR 11,904 for 2026, for example in a blocked account.

When and to whom you pay

At the German mission when you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Work visa Ghana

Work and Residence Permit (Companies)

Run by Ghana Immigration Service (GIS)

Foreign nationals lawfully admitted to Ghana who have an offer or contract of employment from a registered company. ECOWAS nationals pay a lower fee.

Job offer

Required: offer or appointment letter or contract of employment, plus the company's registration, GIPC certificate and tax clearance

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Professional and educational certificates

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

USD 647 for ECOWAS nationals; USD 1,293 for other nationals

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Work visa Ireland

Critical Skills Employment Permit

Run by Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment (DETE)

Skilled workers with a job offer of at least 2 years in an occupation on the Critical Skills Occupations List paying at least EUR 40,904, or in almost any eligible occupation paying over EUR 68,911. When the permit expires, holders can apply to the Department of Justice for Stamp 4.

Job offer

Required, for at least 2 years

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A relevant degree or higher for the EUR 40,904 list occupations; without a degree you need the necessary experience for jobs over EUR 68,911

Work experience

Needed instead of a degree for jobs paying over EUR 68,911

Government fee

EUR 1,000 (90% refunded if refused)

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid to DETE with the application on Employment Permits Online. The employee or the employer can apply.

Read the official page

Work visa Ireland

General Employment Permit

Run by Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment (DETE)

Workers with a job offer in any occupation not on the Ineligible List, generally paying at least EUR 36,605 (EUR 32,691 for horticulture, meat processing, health care assistant and home support roles). A Labour Market Needs Test is required in most cases.

Job offer

Required, with a signed contract of employment

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

The relevant qualifications, skills or experience for the job

Work experience

The relevant qualifications, skills or experience for the job

Government fee

EUR 1,000 for a permit of 6 months up to 24 months; EUR 500 for 6 months or less

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid to DETE with the application. Either the worker or the employer can apply. If the employer applies, it may not recover the fee from the worker.

Read the official page

Job seeker visa Ireland

Third Level Graduate Programme (Stamp 1G)

Run by Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration

Non-EEA graduates of a recognised Irish awarding body with a level 8 or level 9 award, on Stamp 2, who want to stay and look for graduate work. Level 8: 12 months. Level 9 or above: 12 months, renewable for 12 more.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A level 8 or level 9 award or above from a recognised Irish awarding body

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

EUR 300 registration fee per person

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid when you register the permission with immigration. You must apply within six months of being told you achieved the award.

Read the official page

Study, then work Ireland

Long term study visa (Stamp 2)

Run by Immigration Service Delivery, Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration

Students enrolled on a programme on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes (ILEP) for more than 3 months. Students on Stamp 2 may work up to 20 hours a week in term and 40 hours in the holiday months.

Job offer

Not required

Language

You must show you can do your chosen course in English (or Irish). Higher education providers set the standard of English.

Education

Evidence you can follow your chosen course, such as previous exam results or qualifications

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

Visa fee EUR 60 single entry or EUR 100 multi entry (nationals of Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia are exempt), plus EUR 300 registration fee after arrival

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Immediate access to at least EUR 10,000 for the first year and EUR 10,000 for each later year, plus course fees. At least EUR 6,000 of course fees (or the full fee if under EUR 6,000) must be paid before you apply.

When and to whom you pay

Visa fee paid when you apply through AVATS, not refunded if refused; registration fee paid in Ireland when you register

Read the official page

Work visa Italy

Decreto Flussi work entry (quota system), 2026

Run by Ministry of Labour and Social Policies, Ministry of the Interior (Sportello Unico per l'Immigrazione) and Italian consulates

Workers who have an Italian employer willing to apply for a work permit (nulla osta) for them within the yearly quota. The employer applies in Italy. The worker cannot apply alone.

Job offer

Required. The Italian employer submits the nulla osta application on the Ministry of the Interior portal. For 2026 the click days were 12 January 2026 (seasonal agriculture), 9 February 2026 (seasonal tourism), 16 February 2026 (non seasonal work) and 18 February 2026 (domestic care work). Applications can be sent until 31 December 2026 while quotas remain.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Visa fee EUR 116 for a national (type D) visa, as listed by the Embassy of Italy in Nairobi, plus a service charge at the visa centre. Employer side fees are not stated on the pages read.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The visa fee is paid at the visa application centre in local currency when the worker applies for the visa after the nulla osta is issued (Embassy in Nairobi page).

Read the official page

Work visa Italy

EU Blue Card (Carta Blu UE) for highly qualified workers

Run by Ministry of the Interior (Sportello Unico per l'Immigrazione) and Italian consulates

Graduates with at least 3 years of higher education, or skilled workers with 5 years of relevant experience, who have a job offer in Italy. It sits outside the Decreto Flussi quotas.

Job offer

Required. A job contract proposal or binding job offer of at least 6 months. The employer applies online for the nulla osta.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A higher education qualification from a course of at least 3 years, or the requirements for a regulated profession, or a higher professional qualification shown by at least 5 years of relevant experience.

Work experience

At least 5 years of relevant experience if you have no degree. For ICT managers and specialists, 3 years of relevant experience in the 7 years before the application.

Government fee

Visa fee EUR 116 for a national (type D) visa, as listed by the Embassy of Italy in Nairobi. Other fees are not stated on the pages read.

Processing time

The page says the nulla osta decision is taken within 30 days of the application. The permit lasts 2 years for a permanent contract, or the contract length plus 3 months.

Money you must show

Salary at least the national collective agreement level and not below the average annual gross salary measured by ISTAT, given on the page as about EUR 36,300.

When and to whom you pay

The visa fee is paid at the visa application centre in local currency when you apply for the visa after the nulla osta is issued.

Read the official page

Work visa Japan

Specified Skilled Worker (i)

Run by Immigration Services Agency of Japan (Ministry of Justice)

Workers aged 18 or over who pass a Japanese test and a skills test in one of the listed fields, such as care, construction, agriculture, food service or manufacturing. The official test schedule lists no African country as a test venue. The FAQ says people from other countries may sit the tests in a country where they are held. Family members cannot join on this status.

• Only for people in health, trades and hospitality, agriculture, engineering and building, something else.

Job offer

Required. You need an employment contract with a Japanese employer and a Certificate of Eligibility before applying for the visa.

Language

JFT-Basic or JLPT N4 or above. JLPT N3 for taxi, bus and railway transport staff.

Education

No education requirement, according to the official FAQ.

Work experience

No set years. You must pass the skills test for your field.

Government fee

About JPY 15,000 for a single-entry visa or about JPY 30,000 for a multiple-entry visa, for applications at overseas missions from June 24, 2026. The page gives these as approximate yen amounts; the fee is paid in local currency and may differ by nationality. Test fees are separate and are not given as a fixed amount on the official page.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

To the Japanese embassy or consulate when the visa is issued. The page says no fee is charged if the visa is not issued.

Read the official page

Work visa Japan

Engineer, Specialist in Humanities and International Services

Run by Immigration Services Agency of Japan (Ministry of Justice)

Graduates or experienced staff hired by a Japanese organisation for professional, technical, language or international work.

Job offer

Required. You need a contract with an organisation in Japan.

Language

Not stated as a general rule. From April 15, 2026, some employers must show CEFR B2 in the working language for customer facing language jobs. JLPT N2 or above or BJT 400 or above counts.

Education

A university degree, or equivalent education, in a subject related to the job. Experience can replace the degree.

Work experience

Without a related degree: 10 years of work experience, which can include study time. For international services work: 3 years of related experience, except university graduates doing translation, interpreting or language teaching.

Government fee

About JPY 15,000 for a single-entry visa or about JPY 30,000 for a multiple-entry visa, for applications at overseas missions from June 24, 2026. The page gives these as approximate yen amounts; the fee is paid in local currency and may differ by nationality.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated as savings. Pay must be at least what a Japanese person would earn for the same work.

When and to whom you pay

To the Japanese embassy or consulate when the visa is issued. The page says no fee is charged if the visa is not issued.

Read the official page

Talent and high skill Japan

Highly Skilled Professional

Run by Immigration Services Agency of Japan (Ministry of Justice)

Researchers, engineers, specialists and managers who score 70 points or more for degree, career, salary and other items. Holders get a 5 year stay and can apply for permanent residence after 3 years with 70 points, or 1 year with 80 points.

Job offer

Required. The status is based on a contract with an organisation in Japan.

Language

Not required. Japanese ability earns extra points.

Education

No fixed minimum. A bachelor's degree gives 10 points, a master's 20 and a doctorate 30.

Work experience

No fixed minimum. Work experience earns points.

Government fee

About JPY 15,000 for a single-entry visa or about JPY 30,000 for a multiple-entry visa, for applications at overseas missions from June 24, 2026. The page gives these as approximate yen amounts; the fee is paid in local currency and may differ by nationality.

Processing time

Target of 10 days from acceptance for a Certificate of Eligibility, and 5 days for residence procedures in Japan.

Money you must show

Not stated as savings. Specialist and management types need annual pay of at least JPY 3 million.

When and to whom you pay

To the Japanese embassy or consulate when the visa is issued. The page says no fee is charged if the visa is not issued.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Kenya

Class N permit (digital nomad)

Run by Directorate of Immigration Services, Kenya

People who work remotely from Kenya for a company registered outside Kenya, including employees, shareholders of foreign companies and self-employed people with clients outside Kenya.

Job offer

Not required. Remote work for a company or clients outside Kenya is required.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

USD 200 processing fee (non-refundable) plus USD 1,000 issuance fee per year

Processing time

21 working days (service charter, permits); renewal 10 working days

Money you must show

Bank statements or payslips for the last 3 months proving monthly income. No minimum amount is stated on the page.

When and to whom you pay

Processing fee paid on application through the eFNS system (eCitizen account) by the invoice generated; issuance fee paid on approval

Read the official page

Work visa Kenya

Class D permit (employment)

Run by Directorate of Immigration Services, Kenya

People offered a job by a specific employer in Kenya who have skills or qualifications not available in Kenya. EAC members pay no permit fee.

Job offer

Required: a specific employer in Kenya, who must name a Kenyan understudy

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Certified academic and professional certificates

Work experience

Skills or qualifications not available in Kenya. No minimum years are stated.

Government fee

KES 20,000 processing fee (non-refundable) plus KES 500,000 issuance fee per year. EAC members: gratis.

Processing time

21 working days (service charter, permits)

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Processing fee paid on application through eFNS; issuance fee paid on approval

Read the official page

Work visa Lithuania

EU Blue Card (temporary residence permit for highly qualified workers)

Run by Migration Department under the Ministry of the Interior of Lithuania

Graduates, or experienced IT managers and specialists, with a highly qualified job offer in Lithuania. The employer first files a mediation letter in the MIGRIS system. The Migration Department notes that from 15 September 2026 non-priority applications are not accepted in Zimbabwe.

Job offer

Required. The employer must first submit a mediation letter through MIGRIS.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A higher education diploma, or professional experience recognised as equal to higher education (3 years in IT and communication services in the last 7 years, or 5 years of other relevant experience), confirmed by the Ministry of Economy and Innovation.

Work experience

Only needed instead of a degree: 3 years in IT within the last 7 years, or 5 years.

Government fee

EUR 220 (decision within 1 month). EUR 440 for the urgent procedure (decision within 15 days).

Processing time

1 month under the standard procedure, 15 days under the urgent procedure.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. For a job on the list of high value added shortage occupations, monthly pay of at least 1.2 times the last published average monthly gross wage. The threshold for other jobs is not stated on the page read.

When and to whom you pay

State fee paid to the Migration Department. When it is paid is not stated on the official page.

Read the official page

Work visa Luxembourg

EU Blue Card (highly qualified worker)

Run by Directorate General for Immigration, Ministry of Home Affairs (Luxembourg)

Highly qualified people with a job contract in Luxembourg of six months or more at the Blue Card salary. There is no labour market test.

Job offer

Required. A contract of at least six months for a highly qualified job, with a gross salary of at least EUR 65,652 a year (the page also shows 65,562 in one place).

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A document showing the professional qualifications required for the job or sector, or that you meet the conditions for the profession in the contract.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 80 fee for issuing the residence permit, after arrival. Visa fee not stated on the official page.

Processing time

In principle 3 months at most for the authorisation to stay. No reply in that time means the application is refused.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The EUR 80 is paid in Luxembourg after the residence permit application is accepted.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Malta

Nomad Residence Permit

Run by Residency Malta Agency

Remote workers aged 18 or over who work for a foreign employer, run a foreign company, or freelance for foreign clients, and earn at least EUR 42,000 a year. Nationals of, or people with close ties to, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan are not eligible, according to the FAQ page.

Job offer

Not required in Malta. You need a work contract with a foreign employer, a foreign company you own, or contracts with foreign clients.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 300 non refundable application fee per person, plus EUR 100 per person for the residency card, plus any visa fees.

Processing time

Expected to take 30 working days from the receipt of funds, not counting visa processing. The permit is valid for 1 year from the issue of the residency card.

Money you must show

Minimum gross yearly income of EUR 42,000. You also need health insurance, a rental or purchase agreement, and a police conduct certificate.

When and to whom you pay

The EUR 300 fee is paid to Residency Malta Agency by bank transfer from the main applicant's account after a receipt of application is issued. The EUR 100 card fee is paid by card in person at Residency Malta's offices.

Read the official page

Work visa Malta

Key Employee Initiative (single permit for highly qualified workers)

Run by Identità (Expatriates Unit)

Non EU nationals with a job offer in Malta for a managerial or highly technical post paying at least EUR 45,000 a year.

Job offer

Required, for a managerial or highly technical position. The employer must show one job advert of at least 2 weeks within the 2 months before applying.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Certified copies of the relevant qualifications or warrants, or proof of work experience.

Work experience

Adequate experience for the job if you do not hold the relevant qualifications. The number of years is not stated on the page.

Government fee

EUR 600 for a first time application. EUR 150 per year for renewals, for the duration of the permit (up to 3 years).

Processing time

The page says KEI follows the regular single permit process but is processed faster. No number of days is given. The first permit is valid for 1 year and can be renewed for up to 3 years.

Money you must show

Annual gross salary of at least EUR 45,000.

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Mauritius

Premium Visa

Run by Economic Development Board (EDB) and Passport and Immigration Office

People whose main income comes from outside Mauritius and who want to live there for up to a year, renewable, without entering the local labour market. Nationals of listed African countries (including Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe) can apply before arrival; others must enter on a tourist visa and apply online during their stay.

Job offer

Not required. Applicants must not enter the Mauritius labour market.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

None. Issued free of charge, no processing fee.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

At least USD 1,500 per month for each adult and USD 500 per month for each dependent child, plus travel and health insurance and accommodation

When and to whom you pay

No fee is payable

Read the official page

Work visa Mauritius

Occupation Permit (Professional)

Run by Economic Development Board (EDB)

Professionals with a job offer in Mauritius paying a basic salary of at least MUR 50,000 a month, in any sector.

Job offer

Required. The employer applies on the National E-Licensing Platform.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Academic and professional qualifications must be submitted. No minimum level is stated.

Work experience

CV required. No minimum years are stated.

Government fee

USD 50 application fee (non-refundable), then a permit fee by contract length: USD 400 up to 2 years, USD 500 over 2 to 3 years, USD 800 over 3 to 5 years, USD 1,000 over 5 to 10 years. Short-term OP USD 300. Dependants USD 400 each.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page. Salary must be at least MUR 50,000 a month.

When and to whom you pay

Application fee paid by card when applying; permit fee paid by the employer after Approval In Principle is emailed by the EDB

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Mexico

Temporary Resident Visa (economic solvency)

Run by Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (SRE), through Mexican consulates; National Migration Institute (INM)

People with high savings or a steady income from a job or pension who want to live in Mexico on a temporary resident visa. After entry you get a resident card from the INM. Apply at the Mexican embassy or consulate for where you live; amounts and fees are set by each consulate and change over time. No African nationality is excluded on the page read.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

USD 56 application processing fee at the Consulate of Mexico in Indianapolis, not refundable if the visa is not approved.

Processing time

The Indianapolis consulate says the visa is normally issued on the same day as the appointment.

Money you must show

Either bank or investment balances of at least USD 74,687 over the previous 12 months, or a job or pension paying at least USD 4,431 a month after taxes over the previous 6 months (figures from the Indianapolis consulate).

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the consulate, by credit or debit card, as part of the application.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Namibia

Namibia Digital Nomad Visa

Run by Namibia Investment Promotion and Development Board (NIPDB) with the Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security (MHAISS)

Freelancers, self-employed people and remote employees working for companies or clients outside Namibia who want to stay up to six months. Not renewable; you can reapply 12 months after it expires.

Job offer

Not required. Remote work for companies or clients outside Namibia is required.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

NAD 3,300

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Income of at least USD 2,000 a month for the applicant, USD 1,000 for an accompanying spouse and USD 500 per accompanying child, with a 6 month bank statement

When and to whom you pay

Paid to MHAISS after formal approval, before arrival; a local representative may pay on the applicant's behalf

Read the official page

Work visa Netherlands

Highly skilled migrant (kennismigrant)

Run by Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)

Professionals with a job offer from an employer recognised by the IND as a sponsor, at the required salary.

Job offer

Required, from an IND recognised sponsor. Gross monthly salary in 2026: EUR 5,942 if aged 30 or over, EUR 4,357 if under 30, EUR 3,122 under the reduced criterion (for example recent graduates). The salary must also match the market rate.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 423

Processing time

The IND must decide within 90 days.

Money you must show

Not required beyond the salary requirement.

When and to whom you pay

The employer applies to the IND and pays the fee with the application.

Read the official page

Job seeker visa Netherlands

Orientation year for graduates (zoekjaar hoogopgeleiden)

Run by Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)

Only for recent graduates of a Dutch university, an Erasmus Mundus master's, or a master's or doctorate from a foreign university listed in the first 200 places of at least 2 of 3 global rankings (Times Higher Education, QS, ShanghaiRanking). Most African university degrees do not qualify unless the university meets that ranking rule.

Job offer

Not required. You may work freely in the Netherlands during the year.

Language

For foreign graduates, English such as IELTS 6.0, or a programme taught in English or Dutch.

Education

Within 3 years before applying: an accredited Dutch bachelor's or master's, research in the Netherlands, an Erasmus Mundus master's, or a master's, doctoral or post-master's programme at a designated foreign university.

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

EUR 254

Processing time

The IND must decide within 90 days.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

When you apply to the IND.

Read the official page

Permanent residence New Zealand

Skilled Migrant Category Resident Visa

Run by Immigration New Zealand (INZ)

Skilled workers aged 55 or younger with a full time job or job offer from an accredited New Zealand employer, who reach 6 points through qualifications, registration or income. You submit an Expression of Interest and must be invited.

Job offer

Required. A full time job or job offer from an accredited employer, at least 30 hours a week, permanent or fixed term for at least 12 months.

Language

IELTS overall 6.5 or more for the principal applicant (or TOEFL iBT 79, PTE Academic 58, B2 First 176, OET C+). Tests must be no more than 2 years old.

Education

No fixed minimum. Points come from 1 skill category: qualification, New Zealand occupational registration, or income.

Work experience

Points pathway: up to 3 more points from skilled work in New Zealand. Other pathways need at least 5 years of relevant experience with 2 years in New Zealand, or for trades and technicians at least 4 years after qualifying with 18 months in New Zealand.

Government fee

From NZD 6,450. The exact fee depends on your nationality and where you apply.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online when you submit the application after being invited.

Read the official page

Permanent residence New Zealand

Straight to Residence Visa (Green List Tier 1)

Run by Immigration New Zealand (INZ)

People aged 55 or younger with a job or offer in a Green List Tier 1 role from an accredited employer, who meet the Green List registration or qualification requirements.

Job offer

Required. A Green List Tier 1 job with an accredited employer, paid at the specified rate or at least NZD 35.00 an hour (the 2025 median wage) where that applies.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

You must meet the registration and qualification requirements on the Green List for your role. An International Qualification Assessment may be needed.

Work experience

Depends on the Green List role. Not stated as a general rule on the page.

Government fee

NZD 6,450 application cost, shown for a Nigerian national applying from Nigeria. It includes a non refundable immigration levy.

Processing time

80% of applications are decided within 3 months, according to the page.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online by Visa, Mastercard or UnionPay when you apply. Application costs are not refunded if the application is declined.

Read the official page

Work visa New Zealand

Accredited Employer Work Visa

Run by Immigration New Zealand (INZ)

Workers with a full time job offer from an accredited New Zealand employer, with 2 years of relevant experience or a level 4 qualification. Horticulture and viticulture crop work, fishing crew and self employed work are excluded. Partners and children cannot be included.

Job offer

Required. A full time offer of at least 30 hours a week from an accredited employer with an approved job check, paid at least the market rate.

Language

English is required if the job is at ANZSCO skill level 3 to 5. The level is not stated on the page read.

Education

A qualification at level 4 or higher on the NZQCF, or 2 years or more of relevant job experience.

Work experience

2 years or more of relevant job experience, or a level 4 qualification instead.

Government fee

From NZD 1,540. The exact fee depends on your nationality and where you apply.

Processing time

80% of applications are decided within 5 weeks, according to the page. The visa lasts up to 5 years, or 3 years for skill level 4 or 5 jobs.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid online when you apply. INZ will decline the application if money was offered to the employer for the job offer.

Read the official page

Study, then work New Zealand

Fee Paying Student Visa

Run by Immigration New Zealand (INZ)

Students with an offer of place from an approved New Zealand education provider who can pay tuition and show living funds. You can work up to 25 hours a week while studying.

Job offer

Not required.

Language

Set by your course and education provider.

Education

An offer of place from an approved education provider.

Work experience

Not required.

Government fee

From NZD 850. The exact fee depends on your nationality and where you apply.

Processing time

80% of applications are decided within 7 weeks, according to the page. The visa lasts up to 4 years.

Money you must show

NZD 20,000 for each year of study if you study for 1 year or more, or NZD 1,667 a month for shorter study, plus tuition fees.

When and to whom you pay

Paid online when you apply.

Read the official page

Work visa Norway

Residence permit for skilled workers

Run by Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI)

People with vocational training of at least three years, a university degree, or special qualifications, who have a concrete job offer from one employer in Norway. After three years you can apply for permanent residence.

Job offer

Required. A concrete job offer from one specific employer in Norway, normally full time, with pay and conditions not poorer than normal in Norway.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

One of: completed vocational training of at least three years at upper secondary level; a completed degree from a university or university college; or special qualifications.

Work experience

Only for the special qualifications option, which generally needs at least six years of work experience.

Government fee

NOK 6,300 for applicants over 18 (also renewals).

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Pay and working conditions must not be poorer than is normal in Norway.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to UDI by Visa or Mastercard as the last step of the online application, or at the latest when you hand in the application.

Read the official page

Work visa Poland

Work permit for work for a Polish employer (type A)

Run by Voivode (provincial governor); information from the Office for Foreigners

People with a Polish employer willing to apply for a work permit for them. The permit is tied to one employer and position, and you also need a residence title such as a visa that allows work.

Job offer

Required. The employer, not the foreigner, applies online through praca.gov.pl.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

PLN 400 for the work permit (PLN 200 for work of up to 3 months). A visa or residence permit fee is separate.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid by the employer when applying for the permit.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Portugal

Residency visa for remote work (digital nomads)

Run by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (consular posts) and AIMA (Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum)

People who work remotely as employees of a foreign company or as independent workers, with income of at least four times the Portuguese monthly minimum wage over the last 3 months.

Job offer

Not required in Portugal. You need a work contract or employer declaration, or for independent work a company contract, service contract or proof of services provided.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 110 national visa processing fee.

Processing time

The deadline for deciding a residence visa is 60 days, except where the law says otherwise. The visa is valid for 4 months and 2 entries, and you then apply to AIMA for a residence permit.

Money you must show

Average monthly income over the last 3 months of at least four times the monthly minimum wage. The means of subsistence page states the 2026 minimum wage is EUR 920 a month.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the consular post when you apply for the national visa. The page does not say more.

Read the official page

Work visa Portugal

Residency visa for highly qualified activity (including EU Blue Card)

Run by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (consular posts) and AIMA (Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum)

Professionals with a job contract, job promise or invitation in Portugal for highly qualified, teaching, research or cultural work.

Job offer

Required. A work contract, work promise or service contract, or an invitation from a higher education institution, research centre or recognised cultural body. For subordinate highly qualified work (art. 61-A), a contract or promise of at least 6 months.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

For a regulated profession, proof you can practise it in Portugal. For an unregulated profession, proof of high professional qualifications for the field in the contract.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

EUR 110 national visa processing fee.

Processing time

The deadline for deciding a residence visa is 60 days, except where the law says otherwise. You then apply to AIMA for a residence permit within the 4 month visa.

Money you must show

Means of subsistence for at least 12 months, which can come from the contract or a term of responsibility from the host. For art. 61-A the salary must be 1.5 times the average annual gross salary or three times the IAS (1.2 times or two times the IAS for professions in particular need). The euro amounts are not stated on the page.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the consular post when you apply for the national visa.

Read the official page

Work visa Rwanda

Work permit (H1): skilled worker on the occupations in demand list

Run by Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE)

Skilled workers whose occupation is on Rwanda's occupations in demand list and who have a job contract in Rwanda. EAC citizens do not pay for the resident permit.

Job offer

Required: employment contract and a recommendation letter from the employer

Language

Not stated on the official page. Documents must be in English or French.

Education

Academic certificates, or relevant work experience instead of the qualification

Work experience

Relevant work experience can count in place of the qualification

Government fee

RWF 150,000. Free for EAC citizens. Not refunded if the application is denied or withdrawn.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid when applying online through Irembo

Read the official page

Work visa Rwanda

Work permit (H2): employer-sponsored skilled worker

Run by Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE)

Foreign workers sponsored by an employer in Rwanda who have the required qualifications or relevant experience, in any occupation. EAC citizens do not pay for the resident permit.

Job offer

Required: employer sponsorship, contract and recommendation letter

Language

Not stated on the official page. Documents must be in English or French.

Education

Certified academic certificates, or relevant experience

Work experience

Relevant experience can count in place of qualifications

Government fee

RWF 150,000. Free for EAC citizens. Not refunded if the application is denied or withdrawn.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid when applying online through Irembo

Read the official page

Job seeker visa Rwanda

Job search visa for skilled workers on the occupations in demand list

Run by Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE)

Skilled workers in an occupation on Rwanda's occupations in demand list who want to look for a job inside Rwanda. Work is not allowed on this visa, but a change of status is allowed once a job is found.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Skills on the occupations in demand list. No specific qualification is stated.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

USD 50

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Work visa Singapore

Employment Pass

Run by Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Singapore

Professionals, managers, executives and technicians with a job offer in Singapore. You must earn the qualifying salary and score 40 points under COMPASS. The employer must advertise the job locally first.

Job offer

Required. An employer or appointed employment agent applies for you.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

No set minimum. A degree earns COMPASS points, but you can pass without one.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

SGD 105 application fee, SGD 225 issuance fee per pass, and SGD 30 for each Multiple Journey Visa if needed.

Processing time

Within 10 business days for online applications. Within 6 weeks for most cases through an overseas company sponsor.

Money you must show

Not savings. Monthly salary of at least SGD 5,600 (SGD 6,200 in financial services), rising with age to SGD 10,700 (SGD 11,800). From January 1, 2027 for new applications: SGD 6,000 rising to SGD 11,500 (financial services SGD 6,600 to SGD 12,700).

When and to whom you pay

The employer or agent pays the application fee on applying, and the issuance fee when the pass is issued in Singapore.

Read the official page

Work visa Singapore

S Pass

Run by Ministry of Manpower (MOM), Singapore

Skilled workers with a job offer in Singapore who earn the qualifying salary. Employers are subject to a quota and levy.

Job offer

Required. An employer or appointed employment agent applies for you.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Declaring a qualification is optional. If declared, it must be from an accredited institution on the form's list.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

SGD 105 application fee and SGD 100 issuance fee per pass.

Processing time

Processed or given an update within 10 business days.

Money you must show

Not savings. Monthly salary of at least SGD 3,300, rising with age up to SGD 4,800 at 45 and above (financial services SGD 3,800 to SGD 5,650). From January 1, 2027: SGD 3,600 to SGD 5,100 (financial services SGD 4,000 to SGD 5,650).

When and to whom you pay

The employer or agent pays the application fee on applying, and the issuance fee when the pass is issued in Singapore.

Read the official page

Work visa South Africa

Critical Skills Work Visa

Run by Department of Home Affairs (DHA)

Skilled workers whose occupation is on the latest Critical Skills List and who have a job offer in South Africa.

Job offer

Required: offer or contract of employment

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Qualification evaluated by SAQA, and confirmation of skills from a SAQA-recognised professional body

Work experience

Appropriate post qualification experience, confirmed by the professional body. No minimum years are stated.

Government fee

ZAR 1,520 (work visa, including renewal)

Processing time

4 weeks for applications submitted within South Africa (DHA turnaround page)

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Work visa South Africa

General Work Visa

Run by Department of Home Affairs (DHA)

Workers with a job offer from a South African employer that is registered with CIPC and gives the required undertakings.

Job offer

Required, with employer undertakings

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Qualifications evaluated by SAQA

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

ZAR 1,520 (work visa, including renewal)

Processing time

4 weeks for applications submitted within South Africa (DHA turnaround page)

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) South Africa

Remote Work Visa (visitor's visa, section 11(1)(b)(iv))

Run by Department of Home Affairs (DHA)

People employed by a foreign employer who want to work remotely from South Africa for more than 3 months and up to 3 years. The holder may not take up employment in South Africa.

Job offer

Contract with a foreign employer required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

ZAR 425 (visitor's visa, section 11)

Processing time

60 days for section 11(1) visitor's visas submitted within South Africa (DHA turnaround page)

Money you must show

Gross salary of at least ZAR 650,796 per year, shown with three months of bank statements

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) Spain

Visa for international teleworking (digital nomad)

Run by Ministry of Foreign Affairs (consulates) and Large Companies Unit (UGE), Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration

People who already work remotely for an employer or clients outside Spain, with a degree or at least 3 years of experience in their field. You apply at the Spanish embassy or consulate for the place where you live.

Job offer

Not required in Spain. You need at least 3 months of work for a foreign company before you apply, and the company must allow you to work remotely from Spain.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

An undergraduate or postgraduate degree from a university, college or business school of prestige, or at least 3 years of work experience in your current field.

Work experience

At least 3 years of work experience in your field if you have no degree. At least 3 months of work with the foreign company before you apply.

Government fee

Visa fee set by each consulate, paid in local currency. The page says to contact the consular office for the current fee.

Processing time

The page says the legal term for a decision is 10 days, and it may be extended if an interview or more documents are requested.

Money you must show

At least 200% of the Spanish monthly minimum wage. The page gives the 2025 figure as EUR 2,762.66 a month. Add 75% of the minimum wage for the first family member and 25% for each other family member.

When and to whom you pay

Paid at the consulate when you submit the visa application, in local currency and in cash, according to the page read.

Read the official page

Work visa Spain

Highly qualified professional residence permit and EU Blue Card

Run by Large Companies and Strategic Groups Unit (UGE-CE), Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration

Graduates or experienced professionals with a job offer in Spain for a managerial or highly qualified post. The Spanish employer applies online first. You then apply for the visa at the consulate where you live.

Job offer

Required. EU Blue Card: a contract or firm offer of highly qualified work for at least 6 months. The employer files the application.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

EU Blue Card: a higher education qualification of at least 3 years (EQF level 6), or 5 years of comparable professional experience. National permit: a qualification at least at level 1 of the Spanish higher education framework, or 3 years of comparable experience.

Work experience

EU Blue Card without a degree: 5 years of relevant experience, or 3 years within the last 7 years for ICT managers and professionals. National permit without a degree: 3 years.

Government fee

Fee form Model 790 code 038, heading 7.1, for the initial residence authorisation. The amount is not stated on the page read. A separate visa fee is paid at the consulate.

Processing time

The page says the authorisation is decided within 20 days of electronic submission, and the consulate decides the visa within 10 working days.

Money you must show

Sufficient resources for yourself and your family. The page says this can be shown through the work contract. Salary threshold for the EU Blue Card is set by a separate order and is not stated on the page read.

When and to whom you pay

The authorisation fee becomes due when the application is admitted for processing and must be paid within 10 working days. The visa fee is paid when you apply at the consulate.

Read the official page

Work visa Sweden

Work permit for employees

Run by Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)

People with a job offer from a Swedish employer at or above the salary level the agency sets. The employer starts the application and the first application is normally made from outside Sweden.

Job offer

Required. An employment contract signed by both you and your employer, with terms at least on par with Swedish collective agreements.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

SEK 2,200 per employee. Adult family members SEK 1,500, children SEK 750. Not refunded if the application is rejected.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. The salary must be at least SEK 34,470 a month (90 per cent of the median salary); some exempt occupations need 75 per cent. Comprehensive health insurance is needed if the job lasts one year or less.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Swedish Migration Agency by Visa or Mastercard in the e-service when the application is submitted.

Read the official page

Work visa Sweden

EU Blue Card

Run by Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)

Graduates, or people with five years of relevant professional experience, who have a highly qualified job offer in Sweden at a high salary.

Job offer

Required, for a highly qualified job.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Higher education corresponding to at least 180 higher education credits, or at least five years of relevant professional experience instead.

Work experience

Not needed if you have the degree. Otherwise at least five years of relevant professional experience.

Government fee

SEK 2,000 per employee. Adult family members SEK 1,500, children SEK 750. Not refunded if the application is rejected.

Processing time

Not stated. The page says it is not possible to say exactly how long the wait will be.

Money you must show

No separate funds amount. Salary of at least SEK 53,625 a month (since 15 July 2026). Comprehensive health insurance is required.

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Swedish Migration Agency by card in the e-service when the application is submitted.

Read the official page

Work visa Switzerland

Work permit for qualified workers from non-EU and non-EFTA states

Run by State Secretariat for Migration (SEM) and cantonal authorities

Managers, specialists and graduates with several years of experience whose Swiss employer can show no suitable Swiss or EU/EFTA candidate was found. Places are limited by yearly quotas.

Job offer

Required. The employer must prove it could not recruit from Switzerland or the EU/EFTA, and pay salary and conditions customary in the region and sector.

Language

Language skills are one of the integration criteria. No level stated on the official page.

Education

Mainly a degree from a university or university of applied sciences. In some fields, special training with several years of experience may be accepted.

Work experience

Several years of professional experience.

Government fee

Not stated on the official page

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not stated on the official page

Read the official page

Talent and high skill Taiwan

Employment Gold Card

Run by National Development Council and National Immigration Agency, Taiwan

Professionals in one of 12 fields, such as science and technology, digital, finance, education, culture and arts or sport, who meet one listed qualification. One common qualification is a recent monthly salary of at least TWD 160,000. The card combines a work permit and residence. Nationals of Algeria, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Somalia are on a designated country list and may be asked for a letter of guarantee from a sponsor in Taiwan.

• Only for people in science and research, technology, business, finance, teaching and education, creative, sports, law, engineering and building, health, something else.

Job offer

Not stated on the official page as a general requirement. An employment contract can be used as salary proof; an offer letter is not accepted as proof of employment.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Depends on the qualification chosen. No single rule.

Work experience

Depends on the qualification. Many science and technology qualifications ask for 3 or 4 years of related work.

Government fee

TWD 3,700 for 1 year, TWD 4,700 for 2 years, TWD 5,700 for 3 years for most foreign passport holders. US passport holders applying abroad pay TWD 7,605, 8,605 or 9,605. Non refundable.

Processing time

Can take over 60 business days with complete documents.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Online, through the application platform, when you apply. The fee is not refunded if you are refused.

Read the official page

Talent and high skill United Arab Emirates

Golden Residence for skilled professionals (Dubai)

Run by General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs Dubai (GDRFA)

Graduates already working in the UAE in a level 1 or 2 job under the MOHRE classification and earning about AED 30,000 a month. Gives a 10 year residence that does not depend on a sponsor. Read on the Dubai GDRFA page; other emirates may differ.

Job offer

Required. You must hold a UAE work permit under a valid employment contract.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Bachelor's degree or equivalent, recognised by the UAE Ministry of Education.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

AED 1,100 residence permit fee, plus AED 10 Knowledge Dirham, AED 10 Innovation Dirham and AED 20 delivery. AED 500 extra if applying inside the country. The issuance fee rises by AED 100 for each year over two years.

Processing time

48 hours expected completion time.

Money you must show

Monthly salary of at least AED 30,000, shown with 6 months of bank salary transfers. Health insurance for you and your family.

When and to whom you pay

To GDRFA Dubai when applying online or at an Amer centre.

Read the official page

Work visa United Arab Emirates

Green Residence for skilled workers (Dubai)

Run by General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs Dubai (GDRFA)

Graduates working in the UAE in a level 1, 2 or 3 job under the MOHRE classification and earning at least AED 15,000 a month. Gives a 5 year residence without a guarantor or employer sponsor. Read on the Dubai GDRFA page; other emirates may differ.

Job offer

Required. You need a UAE work permit under a valid work contract.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Bachelor's degree or equivalent.

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

AED 200 residence permit fee, plus AED 10 Knowledge Dirham, AED 10 Innovation Dirham and AED 20 delivery. AED 500 extra if applying inside the country. The issuance fee rises by AED 100 for each year over two years.

Processing time

48 hours expected completion time.

Money you must show

Monthly salary of at least AED 15,000.

When and to whom you pay

To GDRFA Dubai when applying.

Read the official page

Remote work (digital nomad) United Arab Emirates

Virtual work residence (remote work, Dubai)

Run by General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs Dubai (GDRFA)

People who work remotely for an employer outside the UAE and earn at least USD 3,500 a month. One year residence, renewable. You can sponsor family for the same period.

Job offer

Not needed in the UAE. You must prove remote work for an organisation outside the UAE.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Visa: AED 200 plus 5% VAT. Residence permit: AED 200, plus AED 10 Knowledge Dirham, AED 10 Innovation Dirham, AED 20 delivery, and AED 500 if applying inside the country.

Processing time

48 hours expected completion time.

Money you must show

Monthly income of at least USD 3,500 or the equivalent, plus valid health insurance.

When and to whom you pay

To GDRFA Dubai when applying online or at an Amer centre.

Read the official page

Talent and high skill United Kingdom

Global Talent visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

Leaders or potential leaders in academia or research, arts and culture, or digital technology, aged 18 or over, who can get an endorsement or have won an eligible prize.

• Only for people in science and research, creative, technology, teaching and education.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

You need an endorsement from an endorsing body in your field, or a prize named on the eligible prize list.

Government fee

GBP 766 in total (GBP 561 for the endorsement + GBP 205 for the visa), plus the healthcare surcharge, usually GBP 1,035 per year

Processing time

Visa stage: usually 3 weeks from outside the UK, 8 weeks from inside the UK

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

GBP 561 to the Home Office when you apply for the endorsement; GBP 205 and the healthcare surcharge when you apply for the visa.

Read the official page

Health and care workers United Kingdom

Health and Care Worker visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

Doctors, nurses, midwives and other health professionals with a job offer from a Home Office approved UK health or social care employer. New applications for care worker jobs (code 6135) are not accepted; that code is only for people extending, updating or switching inside the UK.

• Only for people in health.

Job offer

Required, from a Home Office approved employer, in an eligible health or social care job

Language

English at CEFR level B2 (B1 only if extending or updating a visa granted before 8 January 2026). Doctors, dentists, nurses and midwives who passed an English assessment accepted by their professional body are exempt.

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

GBP 324 per person for up to 3 years; GBP 628 per person for more than 3 years. No healthcare surcharge.

Processing time

Usually 3 weeks

Money you must show

At least GBP 1,270 in your bank account, unless you have been in the UK with a valid visa for 12 months or your employer covers your costs in your first month

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Home Office when you apply online. The fee is the same inside or outside the UK.

Read the official page

Work visa United Kingdom

Skilled Worker visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

People with a job offer in a higher skilled occupation from a Home Office approved UK employer, paid at least GBP 41,700 a year or the going rate for the job, whichever is higher. Some medium skilled jobs qualify if on the immigration salary list or temporary shortage list.

Job offer

Required, with a certificate of sponsorship from a Home Office approved employer

Language

English at CEFR level B2 (B1 only if extending or updating a visa granted before 8 January 2026)

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

From outside the UK: GBP 819 per person for up to 3 years; GBP 1,618 per person for more than 3 years (GBP 628 and GBP 1,235 for jobs on the immigration salary list). Plus the healthcare surcharge, usually GBP 1,035 per year.

Processing time

Usually 3 weeks from outside the UK, 8 weeks from inside the UK

Money you must show

At least GBP 1,270 in your bank account, unless you have had a valid UK visa for 12 months or your employer covers your costs in your first month

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Home Office with the healthcare surcharge when you apply online

Read the official page

Work visa United Kingdom

Graduate visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

People already in the UK on a Student visa who have completed a UK bachelor's, master's, PhD, PGCE or PGDE. Lets you stay and work without a job offer: 2 years if you apply on or before 31 December 2026, 18 months if you apply on or after 1 January 2027, 3 years for a PhD.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A UK bachelor's degree, master's degree, PhD or doctorate, PGCE or PGDE, reported as completed by your education provider

Work experience

Not required. You must have studied in the UK for at least 12 months, or the full course if it was 12 months or shorter.

Government fee

GBP 937, plus the healthcare surcharge, usually GBP 1,035 for each year

Processing time

Usually 8 weeks

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Home Office when you apply from inside the UK

Read the official page

Study, then work United Kingdom

Student visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

People aged 16 or over offered a place on a course by a licensed student sponsor.

Job offer

Not required

Language

CEFR level B2 for degree level study or above; CEFR level B1 below degree level

Education

An offer of a place from a licensed student sponsor

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

GBP 558 from outside the UK, plus the healthcare surcharge of GBP 776 per year for students

Processing time

Usually 3 weeks from outside the UK, 8 weeks from inside the UK

Money you must show

Course fees for 1 academic year plus GBP 1,529 a month in London or GBP 1,171 a month outside London, for up to 9 months, held for 28 days in a row

When and to whom you pay

Paid to the Home Office with the healthcare surcharge when you apply online

Read the official page

Investor United Kingdom

Innovator Founder visa

Run by UK Visas and Immigration (Home Office)

Founders aged 18 or over with a new, innovative and scalable business idea endorsed by an approved endorsing body.

• Only for people in business.

Job offer

Not required

Language

English at CEFR level B2

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Your business idea must be endorsed as new, innovative and scalable

Government fee

GBP 1,357 per person from outside the UK, plus GBP 1,000 for the endorsement, plus the healthcare surcharge, usually GBP 1,035 per year

Processing time

Usually 3 weeks from outside the UK, 8 weeks from inside the UK

Money you must show

At least GBP 1,270 in your bank account for 28 consecutive days

When and to whom you pay

Endorsement fee to the endorsing body; visa fee and healthcare surcharge to the Home Office when you apply

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Work visa United States

H-1B Specialty Occupations

Run by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

Graduates with a U.S. employer willing to sponsor them for a job that needs a bachelor's degree in a related field. Most employers must win the annual registration selection first. The FY 2027 cap is already reached; the FY 2027 registration ran March 4 to March 19. Nationals of Burkina Faso, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan are under a full visa suspension under Proclamation 10998 and cannot be issued this visa.

Job offer

Required. A U.S. employer registers you and files Form I-129 with a certified Labor Condition Application.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

A U.S. bachelor's or higher degree in a directly related specialty, or a foreign equivalent, or an unrestricted state license, or education, training and experience equal to that degree.

Work experience

Not required if you hold the degree. Progressively responsible experience can count as an equivalent to the degree.

Government fee

Paid by the employer: registration USD 215 per beneficiary; Form I-129 USD 780 on paper or USD 730 online (USD 460 for a small employer or nonprofit); Asylum Program Fee USD 600 (USD 300 small employer, USD 0 nonprofit); Fraud Prevention and Detection fee USD 500; ACWIA fee USD 1,500 or USD 750 depending on employer size; USD 4,000 extra for some large H-1B employers. A USD 100,000 payment applies to certain petitions filed from Sept. 21, 2025, but a court vacated the guidance on June 8, 2026 and DHS has appealed. Paid by the worker: visa application fee USD 205 at the U.S. embassy.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The employer pays the registration fee to USCIS before registering and the petition fees when filing. The worker pays the USD 205 visa fee to the Department of State before the visa interview.

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Talent and high skill United States

O-1 Visa: Individuals with Extraordinary Ability or Achievement

Run by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

People with national or international acclaim in the sciences, education, business, athletics or the arts, or a record of extraordinary achievement in film or television, who have a U.S. employer or agent. Nationals of Burkina Faso, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan are under a full visa suspension under Proclamation 10998 and cannot be issued this visa.

• Only for people in science and research, teaching and education, business, sports, creative, media.

Job offer

Required. A U.S. employer or agent files Form I-129 for you.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

You must show sustained national or international acclaim, with at least three types of listed evidence, and a written advisory opinion (consultation).

Government fee

Paid by the employer or agent: Form I-129 for an O petition USD 1,055 on paper or USD 1,005 online (USD 530 for a small employer or nonprofit); Asylum Program Fee USD 600 (USD 300 small employer, USD 0 nonprofit). Paid by the worker: visa application fee USD 205.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The petitioner pays USCIS when filing Form I-129. The worker pays the USD 205 visa fee to the Department of State before the interview.

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Permanent residence United States

EB-2 National Interest Waiver (green card without an employer)

Run by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

Professionals with an advanced degree, or people with exceptional ability, whose proposed work has substantial merit and national importance. You can file for yourself. Immigrant visas are suspended under Proclamation 10998 for nationals of Burkina Faso, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan (full suspension) and of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, The Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe (partial suspension).

Job offer

Not required. You may self-petition on Form I-140.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

An advanced degree (above a bachelor's), or a bachelor's degree followed by at least five years of progressive experience in the specialty. Or exceptional ability shown by at least 3 of 6 criteria, where a degree is one option.

Work experience

At least five years of progressive post-bachelor's experience if you do not hold a degree above a bachelor's. One exceptional ability criterion is letters showing at least 10 years of full-time experience.

Government fee

Form I-140 USD 715 on paper or USD 665 online, plus Asylum Program Fee USD 300 for a self-petitioner. Employment-based immigrant visa application fee USD 345 if you get the visa at a U.S. embassy.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The I-140 fees are paid to USCIS when filing. The visa fee is paid to the Department of State.

Read the official page

Study, then work United States

F-1 Student Visa and Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Run by U.S. Department of State and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

Students admitted to a SEVP-approved U.S. school. After study, eligible students can apply for up to 12 months of OPT work, and STEM graduates for a 24-month extension. F visas are suspended under Proclamation 10998 for nationals of Burkina Faso, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan (full suspension) and of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, The Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe (partial suspension).

Job offer

Not required for the student visa. OPT needs a recommendation from your school's designated school official.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Admission to a SEVP-approved school. You may be asked for transcripts and test scores.

Work experience

Not required

Government fee

Visa application fee USD 185. SEVIS I-901 fee is required; the amount is not stated on the visa page. OPT: Form I-765 USD 520 on paper or USD 470 online (general I-765 fee in G-1055).

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

You must show how you will pay all costs. No amount is stated on the official page.

When and to whom you pay

The visa fee is paid to the Department of State before the interview. The I-765 fee is paid to USCIS when applying for OPT.

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Permanent residence Closed Canada

Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program: Human Capital Priorities stream

Run by Government of Ontario, Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP)

Closed. Ontario closed this stream as of May 30, 2026 in its program redesign and no longer takes new applications. Anyone offering to get you into it is not telling the truth. Ontario now uses the Ontario Workforce Priority stream, which needs a job offer.

Job offer

Not required when the stream was open. The stream is now closed.

Language

CLB 7 or higher in English or French when the stream was open. The stream is now closed.

Education

A Canadian bachelor's, master's or PhD degree or foreign equivalent with an ECA, when the stream was open. The stream is now closed.

Work experience

At least 1 year of paid full-time work in TEER 0, 1, 2 or 3, when the stream was open. The stream is now closed.

Government fee

Not stated on the official page. The archived page lists no fee and the stream is closed.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not applicable. The stream is closed.

Read the official page

Permanent residence Closed Canada

Home Care Worker Immigration pilots: child care and home support

Run by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)

Closed. Both streams (workers in Canada and applicants not working in Canada) are closed while IRCC processes existing applications. No reopening date is given. Anyone selling a place in this pilot is not telling the truth.

• Only for people in health.

Job offer

Not applicable. The pilots are closed.

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Not applicable while closed. The fee page lists CAD 1,590 per adult for the 2025 caregiver pilots.

Processing time

Not stated on the official page

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

Not applicable. The pilots are closed.

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Visa lottery Closed United States

Diversity Visa (DV) Program (green card lottery)

Run by U.S. Department of State

Closed for now. The DV-2027 entry period has not opened and no start date is announced. Since August 2026 the State Department has paused all diversity visa issuance, with no exceptions. The list of countries whose natives are excluded from the next DV year is not published yet. Under Proclamation 10998, immigrant visas are suspended for nationals of Burkina Faso, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan (full suspension) and of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, The Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe (partial suspension). Entries are made only on the official E-DV website, dvprogram.state.gov. Never pay anyone to enter for you.

Job offer

Not required

Language

Not stated on the official page

Education

Not stated on the official page

Work experience

Not stated on the official page

Government fee

Entry is free. If selected: Diversity Visa Application Fee USD 330 per person. The State Department fee page also lists a Diversity Visa Registration Fee of USD 1.00, paid only by the principal applicant.

Processing time

No DV-2027 entry period is open. The DV-2027 visa year runs from Oct 1, 2026 to Sep 30, 2027, but issuance is paused.

Money you must show

Not stated on the official page

When and to whom you pay

The application fee is paid to the U.S. Department of State, per person, only by selected applicants.

Read the official page